目的 针对嵌套型燃烧室在极端气动冲击条件下易发生结构失效的问题,研究薄壁金属管缓冲结构的吸能特性,通过多参数优化设计提升其缓冲性能,为高过载工况下装备的安全防护提供理论支持。方法 采用有限元软件LS-DYNA对15组不同结构参数的薄壁金属管进行模拟仿真,研究不同锥角（7°~25°）和材料（2A12T4铝合金、7075铝合金、45#钢）对缓冲性能的影响。基于塑性变形理论建立扩径力解析模型,通过数值模拟获取缓冲力-行程曲线、吸能效率（I）等关键参数,采用控制变量法分析各参数对吸能特性的影响规律。结果 缓冲过程呈现波动、稳定和静止三阶段特征,波动阶段缓冲力由峰值35.9~57.8 kN快速衰减,稳定阶段保持相对恒定。当锥角为20°时,7075铝（J24组）表现出最优性能,平均缓冲力达27.514 kN,较7°锥角数值提升109.3%,吸能效率达89.55%。材料性能分析表明,屈服强度为505 MPa的7075铝合金较2A12T4（325 MPa）承载能力提升41.2%,但45#钢因密度过高,导致单位质量吸能效率降低62.8%。结论 20°锥角与7075铝的组合综合吸能性能最佳。研究结果揭示了锥角与材料性能对缓冲特性的作用机制,为嵌套型燃烧室缓冲系统的优化设计提供了重要依据。后续需进一步研究疲劳损伤机理及复合结构优化方案。
Abstract
To address the issue that nested combustion chambers are prone to structural failure under extreme aerodynamic impact conditions, the work aims to investigate the energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled metal tube buffer structures and enhance their cushioning performance through multi-parameter optimization design, thereby providing theoretical support for equipment safety protection under high-overload conditions. The finite element software LS-DYNA was used to conduct numerical simulation on 15 sets of thin-walled metal tubes with different structural parameters and the effects of different cone angles (ranging from 7° to 25°) and different materials (including 2A12T4 aluminum alloy, 7075 aluminum alloy, and 45#steel) on the cushioning performance were studied. An analytical model of the expansion force was established based on plastic deformation theory, and key parameters such as the buffer force-stroke curve and energy absorption efficiency (I) were obtained through numerical simulation, with the control variable method employed to analyze the effects of various parameters on the energy absorption characteristics. A three-stage buffering process of fluctuation, stabilization, and stasis appeared. In the fluctuation stage, the buffer force rapidly decayed from a peak of 35.9-57.8 kN and remained relatively constant during the stabilization stage. Specifically, at a 20° cone angle, the 7075 aluminum alloy specimen (group J24) exhibited the optimal performance, with an average buffer force of 27.514 kN (a 109.3% improvement over the 7° cone angle specimen) and an energy absorption efficiency of 89.55%. Material performance analysis indicated that the 7075 aluminum alloy with a yield strength of 505 MPa showed a 41.2% increase in load-bearing capacity compared to 2A12-T4 (325 MPa), while the 45# steel exhibited a 62.8% reduction in mass-specific energy absorption efficiency due to its higher density. In conclusion, the combination of a 20° cone angle and 7075 aluminum alloy offers the best comprehensive energy absorption performance, and the findings reveal the mechanism through which cone angle and material properties affect buffer characteristics, providing a critical basis for the optimized design of buffer systems in nested combustion chambers. Future work should focus on fatigue damage mechanisms and the optimization of composite structures.
关键词
嵌套型燃烧室 /
缓冲结构 /
薄壁金属管 /
吸能特性 /
数值模拟 /
参数优化 /
高过载防护
Key words
nested combustion chamber /
buffer structure /
thin-walled metal tube /
energy absorption characteristics /
numerical simulation /
parameter optimization /
high-overload protection
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